{"id":583,"date":"2026-03-23T13:15:43","date_gmt":"2026-03-23T05:15:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/?p=583"},"modified":"2026-05-23T10:55:44","modified_gmt":"2026-05-23T02:55:44","slug":"the-galois-group-of-an-irreducible-polynomial-over-a-finite-field-is-a-cyclic-group","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/2026\/03\/23\/the-galois-group-of-an-irreducible-polynomial-over-a-finite-field-is-a-cyclic-group\/","title":{"rendered":"[Latex\u6d4b\u8bd5]\u6709\u9650\u57df\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u591a\u9879\u5f0f\u7684\u4f3d\u7f57\u74e6\u7fa4\u662f\u5faa\u73af\u7fa4"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bbe$K$\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u57df\uff0c$f\\in K[X]$\u5ea6\u6570\u4e3a$n$\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u3002\u5219$f$\u53ef\u5206\u4e14$\\mathrm{Gal}(f)$\u662f$n$\u9636\u5faa\u73af\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u8bc1\u660e. Seien $p=\\mathrm{char}(K)$ ein Primzahl und $q=\\left| K \\right|$ mit $q=p^k$ f\u00fcr ein $k\\in\\mathbb{N}$. Angenommen, dass $f$ inseparabel ist. Nach Satz 6.27 gibt es ein separabeles $g\\in K[X]$ und ein $r\\ge 1$ mit<br \/>\n\\[<br \/>\nf=g(X^{p^r})=a_0+a_1X^{p^r}+a_2X^{2p^r}+\\cdots+a_mX^{mp^r}<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<p>Da $K$ endlich ist, ist $K$ perfekt. Der Frobenius-Endomorphismus $K\\to K,a\\mapsto a^p$ ist dann bijektiv. F\u00fcr $i=0,\\dots,m$ gibt es $b_i\\in K$ mit $a_i=b_i^{p^r}$:<br \/>\n\\[<br \/>\nf=b_0^{p^r}+b_1^{p^r}X^{p^r}+b_2^{p^r}X^{2p^r}+\\cdots+b_m^{p^r}X^{mp^r}<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<p>Nach Proposition 6.24 k\u00f6nnen wir $f$ als<br \/>\n\\[<br \/>\n(b_0+b_1X+b_2X^{2}+\\cdots+b_mX^{m})^{p^r}<br \/>\n\\]<br \/>\nschreiben, was aber Widerspruch von die Irreduzibelit\u00e4t von $f$ ist.<\/p>\n<p>Sei $\\alpha$ eine Nullstelle von $f$. Da $f$ irreduzibel ist, gilt es $[K(\\alpha):K]=n$.<\/p>\n<p>Es gilt<br \/>\n\\begin{align*}<br \/>\nf(\\alpha^{q})&#038;=a_0+a_1 (\\alpha^{q})+\\cdots+a_n(\\alpha^{q})^n\\\\<br \/>\n&#038;=(a_0)^{q}+(a_1)^{q}(\\alpha)^{q}+\\cdots+(a_n)^{q}(\\alpha^n)^{q}\\\\<br \/>\n&#038;=(\\sum_{i=0}^n a_i \\alpha^i)^{q}\\\\<br \/>\n&#038;=0<br \/>\n\\end{align*}<br \/>\n, da $1=a_i^{q-1}\\in K=\\F_q$ f\u00fcr $i=0,\\dots,n$.<\/p>\n<p>Klar dann dass $\\alpha^{q},\\alpha^{q^2},\\dots,\\alpha^{q^{n-1}}\\in K(\\alpha)$ paarweise verschiede Nullstellen von $f$ sind, da $f$ separabel ist. Daraus folgt dass $K(\\alpha)$ Zerf\u00e4lungsk\u00f6rper von $f$ ist. Nach Satz 7.5 gilt es<br \/>\n\\[<br \/>\n\\left| \\mathrm{Gal}(f) \\right|=\\left| \\mathrm{Gal}(K(\\alpha)\/K) \\right|=[K(\\alpha):K]=n<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n<p>Definiere<br \/>\n\\begin{align*}<br \/>\n\\sigma: L&#038;\\to L\\\\<br \/>\nx&#038;\\mapsto x^q<br \/>\n\\end{align*}<\/p>\n<p>Sei $x\\in K=\\F_q$. Es gilt $\\sigma(x)=x^q=x$, da $x^{q-1}=1$ in $\\F_q$ gilt. S.d. gilt $\\sigma\\in \\mathrm{Gal}(K(\\alpha),K)$.<\/p>\n<p>Betrachten wir nun $\\sigma^k(x)=x^{q^k}$. $\\sigma^k=\\operatorname{id}$ gilt genau dann wenn $x^{q^k}=x$ f\u00fcr alle $x\\in K(\\alpha)=\\F_{q^n}$ gilt, was $\\F_{q^n}\\subseteq\\F_{q^k}$ folgt. Da $k=[\\F_{q^k}:\\F]=[\\F_{q^k}:\\F_{q^n}]\\cdot[\\F_{q^n}:\\F]=[\\F_{q^k}:\\F_{q^n}]\\cdot n$, ist $k$ ein Vielfach von $n$ und dann gilt $\\mathrm{ord}(\\sigma)=n$.<\/p>\n<p>Schlie\u00dflich erhalten wir<br \/>\n\\[<br \/>\n\\mathrm{Gal}(f)=\\langle \\sigma \\rangle\\cong \\Z\/n\\Z<br \/>\n\\]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8bbe$K$\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u9650\u57df\uff0c$f\\in K[X]$\u5ea6\u6570\u4e3a$n$\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ef\u7ea6\u3002\u5219$f$\u53ef\u5206\u4e14$\\mathrm{Gal}(f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_crdt_document":"","_import_markdown_pro_load_document_selector":0,"_import_markdown_pro_submit_text_textarea":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[31,32,3],"tags":[70,58,34,35],"class_list":["post-583","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-algebra","category-galois-theory","category-mathematics","tag-galois-theory","tag-58","tag-34","tag-35"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=583"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1233,"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/583\/revisions\/1233"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=583"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=583"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/okb385.org.cn\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}